U.S. Census data confirms what has been reported in regard to population shifts in the United States in recent years and since the onset of the pandemic in 2020 — Americans moved out of higher-cost areas and decamped to more affordable towns and regions in the U.S.
Using metro area level data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program, 24/7 Tempo identified the cities losing the most people since the pandemic. Metro areas were ranked based on the percentage change in population due to net migration from April 1, 2020 to June 30, 2022. Data was aggregated from the county level to the metropolitan level using metropolitan statistical area definitions for July 2023 from the Census Bureau.
Major metropolitan areas such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C., all experienced a decrease in population. High costs of living, increase in some forms of crime, and the ability for people to work remotely and therefore have the ability to move away from congested urban areas have all been factors in population loss. (These are America’s 26 poorest large cities.)
Of the 40 cities on the list, 14 are California metro areas. Residents fled six Louisiana metros on our list, including three in the top six: Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, New Orleans-Metairie, and Lake Charles. (See America’s best cities to live according to data.)
New York state, which has been losing population for some time before the pandemic, has four cities on the list, including Elmira — one of six on the list with a population of fewer than 100,000 people.
50. Milwaukee-Waukesha, Wisconsin
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-17,421)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -22,312
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +4,891
> Total population, 2022: 1,559,792
49. Boston-Cambridge-Newton, Massachusetts-New Hampshire
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-55,269)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -104,501
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +49,232
> Total population, 2022: 4,900,550
48. Boulder, Colorado
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-3,738)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -4,985
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,247
> Total population, 2022: 327,468
47. Charleston, West Virginia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.1% (-2,403)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,744
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +341
> Total population, 2022: 204,297
46. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Virginia-Maryland-West Virginia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-74,104)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -136,725
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +62,621
> Total population, 2022: 6,265,183
45. Santa Rosa-Petaluma, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-5,780)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -6,612
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +832
> Total population, 2022: 482,650
44. Hanford-Corcoran, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-1,807)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,914
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +107
> Total population, 2022: 152,981
43. Syracuse, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-7,972)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,974
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,002
> Total population, 2022: 653,633
42. Sumter, South Carolina
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-1,274)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,393
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +119
> Total population, 2022: 104,012
41. Jacksonville, North Carolina
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-2,476)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,458
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: -18
> Total population, 2022: 207,298
40. Peoria, Illinois
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-4,540)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -5,365
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +825
> Total population, 2022: 363,445
39. Enid, Oklahoma
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.2% (-785)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -913
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +128
> Total population, 2022: 61,920
38. El Centro, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-2,487)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,782
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +295
> Total population, 2022: 178,713
37. San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-46,521)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -58,429
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +11,908
> Total population, 2022: 3,276,208
36. Jackson, Mississippi
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.4% (-8,829)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,415
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +586
> Total population, 2022: 610,904
35. Chico, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-3,085)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,323
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +238
> Total population, 2022: 207,303
34. Eagle Pass, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-847)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,100
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +253
> Total population, 2022: 57,843
33. Vallejo, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-6,848)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -8,047
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,199
> Total population, 2022: 448,747
32. Albany, Georgia
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-2,272)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,356
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +84
> Total population, 2022: 145,786
31. Grand Island, Nebraska
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.5% (-1,183)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -1,567
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +384
> Total population, 2022: 76,333
30. Monroe, Luoisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-3,541)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,772
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +231
> Total population, 2022: 222,695
29. Columbus, Georgia-Alabama
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-5,207)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -6,004
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +797
> Total population, 2022: 324,110
28. Alexandria, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.6% (-2,465)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,626
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +161
> Total population, 2022: 149,189
27. Vineland, New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-2,561)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,925
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +364
> Total population, 2022: 151,356
26. Laredo, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-4,478)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -5,784
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,306
> Total population, 2022: 267,780
25. Watertown-Fort Drum, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-2,034)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,248
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +214
> Total population, 2022: 116,637
24. Grand Forks, North Dakota-Minnesota
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.7% (-1,824)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,103
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +279
> Total population, 2022: 103,144
23. Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-7,862)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -9,515
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,653
> Total population, 2022: 443,837
22. Ann Arbor, Michigan
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-6,540)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -8,810
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,270
> Total population, 2022: 366,376
21. Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.8% (-14,952)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -15,991
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,039
> Total population, 2022: 832,605
20. Shreveport-Bossier City, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -1.9% (-7,380)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,831
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +451
> Total population, 2022: 385,154
19. Trenton-Princeton, New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-7,588)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -10,526
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +2,938
> Total population, 2022: 380,688
18. Decatur, Illinois
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-2,122)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,305
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +183
> Total population, 2022: 101,483
17. Fairbanks-College, Alaska
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.0% (-1,956)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,108
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +152
> Total population, 2022: 95,356
16. Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, Illinois-Indiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.1% (-198,891)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -235,374
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +36,483
> Total population, 2022: 9,274,140
15. Santa Cruz-Watsonville, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.5% (-6,717)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,152
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +435
> Total population, 2022: 264,370
14. Napa, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.5% (-3,466)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -3,653
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +187
> Total population, 2022: 134,300
13. Elmira, New York
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.6% (-2,151)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,218
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +67
> Total population, 2022: 81,426
12. Urban Honolulu, Hawaii
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.6% (-26,065)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -31,682
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +5,617
> Total population, 2022: 995,638
11. Salinas, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.7% (-11,900)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -12,905
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,005
> Total population, 2022: 432,858
10. Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-367,333)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -428,371
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +61,038
> Total population, 2022: 12,872,322
9. Manhattan, Kansas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-3,751)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -4,311
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +560
> Total population, 2022: 133,072
8. Minot, North Dakota
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -2.8% (-2,179)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -2,284
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +105
> Total population, 2022: 76,279
7. New York-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.0% (-597,802)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -736,277
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +138,475
> Total population, 2022: 19,557,311
6. Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.4% (-7,137)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,338
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +201
> Total population, 2022: 200,656
5. New Orleans-Metairie, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.5% (-35,348)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -39,853
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +4,505
> Total population, 2022: 972,913
4. San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -3.9% (-77,891)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -103,156
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +25,265
> Total population, 2022: 1,938,524
3. San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, California
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -4.0% (-189,585)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -227,642
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +38,057
> Total population, 2022: 4,579,599
2. Odessa, Texas
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -4.0% (-6,661)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -7,904
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +1,243
> Total population, 2022: 160,869
1. Lake Charles, Louisiana
> Population change due to net migration, 2020 to 2022: -5.8% (-14,804)
> Net domestic migration, 2020 to 2022: -15,323
> Net international migration, 2020 to 2022: +519
> Total population, 2022: 239,346