It’s a feeling we all know and dread: The creeping suspicion that we’re “coming down with something.” Whether it’s a soreness in our throat, the beginnings of a cough, a suddenly runny nose, a pain in our ear, or something else, it quickly becomes apparent that something feels “off,” and that there’s a cold coming on. But is it actually a cold? Or could it be the flu? The symptoms might be similar, but there are some tried and true ways to tell them apart.
The common cold, a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that affects the nose and throat, is caused by several different viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses. Other viruses that can cause colds include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It’s one of the most widespread illnesses on Earth, with symptoms including a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, headache, fatigue, and possibly a fever.
The flu, officially known as influenza, is a highly contagious viral infection that also primarily affects the respiratory system. It is caused by influenza viruses, of which there are several types and strains that can cause illness. The flu can range from mild to severe and can lead to serious complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with underlying health conditions. Most symptoms of the flu are similar to that of a cold, but there’s the potential for them to be quite severe. Thankfully, there’s a vaccine available, and it’s recommended to get a dose of it every year.
If you’re unsure whether or not you have a cold or the flu, it’s best to check with your doctor, especially if you’re feeling sicker than you usually do from the common cold and your symptoms appear to be getting worse. Practicing good hygiene, getting plenty of rest, staying hydrated, and avoiding close contact with others can help prevent the spread of both colds and the flu. A little caution goes a long way, especially if you have other warning signs that your health may be in trouble.
Onset: Cold
The common cold usually presents itself gradually, over a few days, before becoming a full-blown sickness.
Onset: Flu
The flu tends to appear more suddenly, with symptoms generally hitting you like the proverbial ton of bricks.
Duration: Cold
Most people recover from a common cold within seven to 10 days without any specific treatment. Over-the-counter medications may help relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion, sore throat, and cough.
Duration: Flu
Flu symptoms may last for about one to two weeks, with fatigue and weakness lingering for longer.
Fever: Cold
Fevers are rare with colds, and if present, they tend to be mild.
Fever: Flu
Fevers are common with the flu and it’s usually one of the first symptoms to appear.
Symptoms: Cold
Symptoms of a cold typically include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, and coughing. Headaches and mild body aches may also occur.
Symptoms: Flu
Flu symptoms include all of the above, with a few particularly nasty and uncomfortable additions, including high fever, chills, severe body aches, fatigue, and weakness. Some people may also experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Timing: Cold
Colds are more common during the fall and winter months but they can occur at any time of year.
Timing: Flu
Flu season typically comes on strongest during the winter months, generally between December and February. Outbreaks can occur as early as October and as late as May, however.
Severity: Cold
Having a cold can definitely make you miserable, but they rarely result in serious complications and the symptoms are generally relatively mild and manageable.
Severity: Flu
The flu can be more severe and debilitating, often causing extreme fatigue and weakness that can potentially last for several weeks. It can also lead to complications such as pneumonia and sinus infections. If you have underlying medical conditions, it can make those worse, as well. If you think you may have the flu, don’t hesitate to see your doctor; it’s up there with the leading causes of death in America.